Chi R Yun
Common name
N/A
ID
HD0016
Scientific name of the plant
Breynia officinalis
Anatomical part for use
root, rhizome
Human use
Miscellaneous
Summary
Breynia vitis-idaea, the officinal breynia, is a perennial tree-like species of Phyllanthaceae (Euphorbiaceae s.l.), found from India east to Taiwan and Okinawa and south to Indonesia. It is a shrub or treelet with egg-shaped leaves that can reach up to 3 m tall. It has staminate flowers and spherical, red fruit.
Breynia vitis-idaea is pollinated by the leafflower moth Epicephala vitisidaea in Fujian, China and the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. The moth actively pollinates the flowers, but lays an egg into the space between the external carpel wall and the tepals. The moth caterpillars consume a subset of the tree's seeds, receiving nourishment in return.It contains the saponin breynin and terpenic and phenolic glycosides. It is marketed in Taiwan as Chi R Yun. (Source: Wiki)
Evidence Level
Level 2 (Independent reports from multiple medical centers)
Hepatotoxicity reports in literature
Hepatotoxicity Description
Breynia overdose or poisoning causes diarrhea, nausea, fever, abdominal discomfort, palpitations, dry mouth and vertigo. Liver tests are also commonly abnormal in a dose related manner, with prominent elevations in serum aminotransferase levels and either no or minor increases in bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels. The liver injury is usually overshadowed by gastrointestinal symptoms, although laboratory abnormalities may persist longer than clinical symptoms for up to 1 to 2 months. Other systemic symptoms and complications that are usually present include dizziness, headache, lethargy, numbness, muscle weakness, respiratory symptoms, cough, hemoptysis, hematuria and bloody stools. The symptoms and liver test abnormalities generally resolve within 4 to 6 weeks of the exposure. Most reports have been from Asia and published in the early years of the 21st century. (Source: LiverTox)
Common name
N/A
ID
HD0016
Scientific name of the plant
Breynia officinalis
Anatomical part for use
root, rhizome
Human use
Miscellaneous
Summary
Breynia vitis-idaea, the officinal breynia, is a perennial tree-like species of Phyllanthaceae (Euphorbiaceae s.l.), found from India east to Taiwan and Okinawa and south to Indonesia. It is a shrub or treelet with egg-shaped leaves that can reach up to 3 m tall. It has staminate flowers and spherical, red fruit. Breynia vitis-idaea is pollinated by the leafflower moth Epicephala vitisidaea in Fujian, China and the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. The moth actively pollinates the flowers, but lays an egg into the space between the external carpel wall and the tepals. The moth caterpillars consume a subset of the tree's seeds, receiving nourishment in return.It contains the saponin breynin and terpenic and phenolic glycosides. It is marketed in Taiwan as Chi R Yun. (Source: Wiki)
Evidence Level
Level 2 (Independent reports from multiple medical centers)
Hepatotoxicity reports in literature
Hepatotoxicity Description
Breynia overdose or poisoning causes diarrhea, nausea, fever, abdominal discomfort, palpitations, dry mouth and vertigo. Liver tests are also commonly abnormal in a dose related manner, with prominent elevations in serum aminotransferase levels and either no or minor increases in bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels. The liver injury is usually overshadowed by gastrointestinal symptoms, although laboratory abnormalities may persist longer than clinical symptoms for up to 1 to 2 months. Other systemic symptoms and complications that are usually present include dizziness, headache, lethargy, numbness, muscle weakness, respiratory symptoms, cough, hemoptysis, hematuria and bloody stools. The symptoms and liver test abnormalities generally resolve within 4 to 6 weeks of the exposure. Most reports have been from Asia and published in the early years of the 21st century. (Source: LiverTox)